Sustainable Pistachio Dehulling Waste Management and Its Valorization Approaches: A Review

Abstract Purpose of Review In countries such the USA, Iran, and Turkey, pistachio nut is considered one most economically valuable agricultural products. Pistachio production related dehulling processes generate a large quantity organic waste, containing green hull, cluster woody part, shells, leaves. The inadequate conventional management wastes calls for sustainable economical strategies not only to enhance resource efficiency but also create value. Recent Findings residues have high content total extractives essential oils considerable amount phenolic compounds that explain their good antioxidant activities other potential human health benefits. Furthermore, considering generation volume (about 660,000 tons) lignocellulosic structure, can be sustainably used produce value-added products, as biofuels, phytochemicals, activated carbon, bioproducts filamentous fungi protein enriched biomass, single-cell (SCP), volatile fatty acids. general, recent studies comprehensively investigated all Summary This review provides thourough insight into present processing industries, waste chemical composition characteristics. applications renewable source products by various thermochemical (pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction), physicochemical (solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE), pressurized liquids (PLE)), biological (anaerobic digestion (AD) fermentation (solid-state submerged)) are presented including an analysis advantages disadvantages methods. this regard, new edible antioxidant, market appeal has been briefly considered.